ASA five: A moribund individual who's not predicted to survive with no operation. The client just isn't anticipated to outlive over and above the next 24 hours without having surgery—examples: ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, huge trauma, and considerable intracranial hemorrhage with mass result. In 2021, Ramirez et al. carried out https://www.directivepublications.org/journal-of-anaesthesia/