oud, stringed musical instrument well known in medieval and modern-day Islamic music. It's the parent of the European lute. The oud includes a deep pear-formed body, a fretless fingerboard, and a relatively shorter neck and relatively less acutely bent-back pegbox than the European lute. Alfonso X, “The Clever”, 1221-1284, https://waylonsepzk.blog-ezine.com/35091415/a-review-of-music-oud